Jaak2 Biogenesis - 1866 Words

JAK2/STAT signaling pathway was one of the most significantly differentially expressed gene sets in BC compared with CP progenitors. This signaling pathway increases the ADAR1 expression in progenitor LSCs and promotes ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing. Furthermore, ADAR1 impairs biogenesis of tumour suppressive miRNAs, thereby contributing to cancer progression. Since the let-7 miRNA family is also related to self renewal of LSC, it led the authors to investigate the correlation between JAK2/STAT pathway and LIN28B/let-7-axis, they hypothesized that the LIN28B/let-7self-renewal axis may also be disrupted by increased JAK2 signaling. This hypothesis was validated by a lentiviral transduction of BCR-ABL1 in normal progenitor, it shows an†¦show more content†¦An increase in LIN28B expression can promote cancer progression due to the inhibition of let-7 miRNAs. 6. In the experiment where the authors quantify the JAK2 expression after transducing CD34+ progenitor cells (figure 2B-D), please identify all the controls and normalizations used and briefly describe their significance. Use  ¾ of a page maximum. (5.5 marks) Control The control to quantify the JAK2 expression after transducing CD34+ progenitor cells is the lentiviral vector backbone, which is involved in the lentiviral JAK2 transduction into the human JAK2-GFP in normal CD34+ progenitors. Fluorescence measurement is compared between CD34+ cord blood cells transduced with lentiviral vector backbone and the normal CD34+ cells, in order to examine the transduction efficiency. JAK2 expression of unaffected genes without the transgene is observed, acting as a comparison to the overexpression JAK2 in the transduced CD34+ progenitor cells (1). Normalization Lentiviral ADAR1 transduction efficiency of LSC is measured by luciferase reporter activity, which is plotted against pCDH lentiviral vector and pDEST26 mammalian expression vector. Transduction efficiency is measured and normalized by fluorescence intensity of p-JAK2 and p-STAT5a, and JAK2 qRT-PCR. In the qRT-PCR analysis, a housekeeping gene RPL27 (ribosomal protein

Environmental Science Essay Example for College Students - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2277 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ecology Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? The programme and promotion of global environmental concern and sustainability. Cotswold Canal Regeneration Portfolio The regeneration project can be considered an example of environmental micro-management. In the same way that it is possible to cause a change by tackling a major issue across a system, it is also possible to cause a change by tackling a number of minor issues. The disadvantage of tackling major issues is their inertia, which requires more resources and more time to achieve an effect. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Environmental Science Essay Example for College Students" essay for you Create order The disadvantage of tackling minor issues is that their individual impact is more difficult to be assessed within a global frame. In the case of environmental sustainability, however, there is an advantage in solving a problem close to the public. As long as the public realises the benefits of sustainability/restoration policies, small scale environmental restoration projects may win over the public to support more radical policies (on manufacturing, emissions, etc). This is important due to the conflicts between conservation, technology and economics in policy making (Portney, 1992) Particular aspects of the environmental background of the Cotswold canals. In the specific case of this project, there are a number of considerations concerning the environmental benefit of the canal restoration project. It is true that a more or less running course of water (the open canal) is preferred to a more or less stagnant water body (the derelict canal). Stagnant waters may not only look unattractive, but in hot seasons may become a source of disease and discomfort. The Cotswold canals had been abandoned completely from 1941, although some sections had been abandoned in1927 and the last cargo boat passed its summit in 1911. The canal had been built in successive stages, starting in 1757. The climatic point was the opening of the summit of the canal in 1786. Connection from the Severn to the Thames rivers was achieved in 1789. Because of a series of design flaws in the locks, and also because of cracks in the canal bed at the summit, the canal wasted huge amounts of waters. The Regeneration project in terms of sustainability. The above information shows that the Cotswold canal was a disruption of the environment and actually was draining water from some areas, changing the availability of water in the catchment area and the reception area (or wasting it, as was the case at the summit). So, from a direct point of view, the maximum apparent environmental benefit would come from undoing the canal. By choosing adequately the landfill materials used to make sure they are inert (e.g. earth from a construction work) it could be closed. By digging out and building or rebuilding structures, actually pollution and materials to be disposed will be generated. Topping (Turner, 1995) indicates that according to CIEC (1992) the construction industry was responsible by 1992 both of using 50%of all the available landfill volume and of wasting about 10% of all the construction materials used. However, undoing the canals is a negative action course, and the complete undoing would not provide anything remarkable. L andscape management on the other hand falls within EU conservation policies (Lowe and Ward, 1998). On the other hand, policy aspects on sustainability can certainly be developed by supporting the Cotswold Canal Restoration Project. Strengths and Weaknesses of the Programme. Weaknesses include the fact that the canal is not going to be profitable commercially and that it relies on volunteer work. This means that the programme may come under scrutiny on the grounds that it will not be able to show benefits, for example, in terms of reduced consumption of fuel for transportation of goods/passengers. The Stroud District Council, in its Thames and Severn Canals Restoration Position Statement clearly states that it expects economic advantages to come from tourism and employment derived from construction and development. It fails to mention the canal as a commercial trade route. Reliance on a volunteer workforce hints to the lack of interest by investors and companies in the project. The environmental aims are minor and may be criticised by environmental action groups. After all, preserving or restoring wildlife is not the same as landscape management. A more potent case of canal restoration is the Rochdale Canal, in Greater Manchester (Manchester Forum, 2001). In this case, the restoration has amongst its purposes to guarantee the survival of one of the largest colonies of floating water plantain (Luronium Natans) which has thrived in this canal during its disuse. This plant is a water weed nearly extinct which is protected by both UK and European legislation. The Rochdale Canal is also home to other rare water weeds like water soldier, fringed water lily and American pond weed. In the Rochdale case a strong case on conservation of biodiversity, relevant to global environmental issues is made (Harris, 2004)The Stroud District Council, in its Thames and Severn Canals Restoration Position Statement fails to mention any specific cases in which biodiversity will be preserved by the restoration project Strengths are mainly two. The first come from the fact that the programme creates a local volunteer work force and therefore identifies highly motivated and environmentally aware individuals who might be committed to othe r environmental initiatives. This may include either working in other environmental projects, in specific environmental campaigns, or generally supporting sustainability policies and lobbying with the political parties, and the various councils. Raising awareness is part of the EU Environmental Action Plan (EU EAP, 2002) Additionally, this will have an effect which may be considered as environmentally conservative, as it will be restoring a previous, more desirable state of being of the canals and their environment. In the long run, restoring the canal may provide leisure opportunities, a relatively better ecological situation, some level of business, a more appealing landscape, increase the chances of population moving into the area from more saturated parts of the country helping disperse population and its environmental impact and, most importantly, will impress upon the local community of the benefits of environmental restoration projects in general. In the long run, th e programme may contribute to create in the wider population a favourable disposition to environmental sustainability policies. Main Issues of the Programme. The main issues are economic and social. There is the potential interest of the owners of various stretches of the former canals to retain current property. These include private owners owning parts of the canal which have been filled in, and industrial owners, including water utilities owning stretches of the canals or transport authorities controlling roads built in parts of the canals which have been filled in. However, private owners along the canals are going to benefit from the restoration, as in some points the state of conservation of the canal, with muddy water, weeds, stagnant water does not add to the quality of life of the local population. On the other hand, the aims declared for exploitation by the Stroud District Council are mainly connected with leisure. They intend to attract tourism, to attract population to settle in the area (neighbourhood regeneration as described by Stroud District Council) and to attract contracts for the development of the area arou nd the canal, besides the regeneration of the canal itself. It is difficult to imagine major tensions in connection with said initiatives. Justification of the Proposed Action Plan. As indicated above, the main concern of the authorities and partnerships involved is on restoration of the canal and its environment for leisure than with a view of recreating a sustainable environment (which would mean a self-sustaining environment, protected to some extent from outside influences, e.g. pollution sources, and therefore not requiring direct action to keep it going, but indirect action to prevent external factors to interfere). With this in mind, and considering that the main purpose of my action plan is to promote sustainability, the logical direction is to use the project as a focus for environmentalist mobilisation. This idea was presented already in Strengths and Weaknesses. It can be further developed by declaring the aim of the Action Plan to create a gathering of environmentally minded individuals, work with them in the Action Plan, probe the inherent weaknesses of the initiative in discussion with them, articulate on the basis of the debate between i ts members a cohesive action group, and have the action group take responsibility for political lobbying for more effective environmental policies. A motivated action group, aware of the need to break economic growth on a varied evidence of its impact on the environment through poor choice of technological options (Harremes etal, 2002) The key strength of the Proposal Action Plan is that it does not antagonise any of the parties involved during the execution of actions connected with the Restoration of the Cotswold canals. It does not antagonise town councils, the district council, the Cotswold canals partnership or the residents (at least beyond what they may be antagonised by the intent of purchasing from them part of their property of otherwise taking it back from them. Adequacy of the proposed programme. The programme includes as steps procurement of the local government, publicity of the plans, collection of feedback, creation of task groups, generation of a background report, proposition of an action plan, discussion and amendment of the action plan, definition of a road map, identifying contractors and subcontractors, seek funding, whether public funding, industrial sponsorship or private subscriptions. The procedure is straightforward and consistent with practice within organisation ranging from city council to EU research programmes (EUResearch, 2005). The advantage of the specifications points chosen is that they fit well with policies of urban conservation, and therefore can be naturally embraced by the local government as they are identical to their own policies for urban areas. This prevents the possibility of conflicts. Strengths and weaknesses of the proposed partnership between local government and the community. The main weakness of the partnership is that being locally based and on the basis of its inherent weaknesses as a true environmental initiative, it is more likely to be showcased as wasteful or resources which could be allocated to more clearly conservationist policies. Against that criticism, which might come initially from small groups but could later be taken up by larger environmental protection organisations (e.g. Greenpeace) a small and little known partnership has a lower profile upon which to support its rebuttal of criticism. Also, as the local authority has no control on decision making beyond its sphere of influence, it is restricted in its ability to show how it can integrate its initiative within a larger framework of environmental protection activities. On the other hand, the strength of the partnership is based on the closeness of both parties and their awareness, or ability to gain awareness, of the issues involved. Also, the partnership derives strength fr om the immediacy and direct evidence of any benefits derived from the implementation of the action plan, including the evident improvement in the landscape, and the potential for business and leisure. While the reasons why the wider community may be expected to be committed are described before, the nature of the environmental action plan is synergistic with the broader aims of the local council. Local population: needs and characteristics. The population can be described in terms of their occupation and the trade sector they work in. There are some 76,000 people aged 16 to 74 years. Those working can be broken down as follows: By type of work Managers Professional Clerical Skilled trades Personal service Sales and customer service Plant and machine operatives Elementary occupations 8,400 6,900 6,200 7,280 3,500 3,200 4,900 5,500 The breakdown suggests that there is a substantial number of people with relatively high income: one third of all people are managers (in fact, managers or senior officials). This breakdown becomes clear when distributing the po9pulation by trade: By activity Real state, renting, business activities 6,400 Wholesale, retail and repair of motoring vehicles 8,000 Financial intermediation 1,950 Agriculture 1,300 Public administrations and defence 2,400 Manufacturing 10,250 Education 4,400 Const ruction 3,800 Health social work 5,700 Electricity and water supply 950 Hotels catering 2,000 Mining and quarrying 140 Transport, storage and communication 2,600 Fishing 15 Other 2,400 It is not difficult to see why the emphasis by local councils is on the leisure potential of the project, and why the true sustainable character in it is limited. The fact that the environmental aspects of the project are weak and the strong influence of officialdom, estate-related business and financial services in the make-up of the community reinforces the case for a soft environmentalist approach focused on creating a committed lobbying group for future action. The mechanism within the Action Plan. As indicated, the action plan is intended to mobilize individuals with a predisposition to work altruistically in activities aimed to the improvement of the environment. The specific points of action, e.g. disposal of litter, elimination of graffiti, gardening are not conflictive with the leading aim to convert the area in a leisure and tourism resort. In this way the group could be formed, initiate its activities and consolidate. Working with companies and the administration will provide the group members with the contacts and hopefully insight of the aims and interests of the various parties, which would be valuable when considering further initiatives on sustainability, in terms of relevance to the various parties, existence of conflicts or possibility of support: companies willing to go green (Sadgrove 1992) Internal debate within the action group should provide it with the opportunity to establish a longer term aim on environmental issues within the region, e.g. ava ilability of technology which may convert the Cotswold Canals in a significant goods transport route with positive impact on issues like greenhouse gas emissions, etc. Conclusions . The proposed action plan intends to use the momentum of the Cotswold Canals Restoration Project to create a local lobby of environmentally aware and motivated people to pursue abroad range of initiatives to promote environmental conservation and sustainability

Critical Analysis Of Cranium And Substance Abuse-

Critical Analysis Cranium and Substance Abuse- This paper examined the age groups for learning and playing the board games as about 13 or more. This was an important finding as the age group in which children are keen to learn and can adapt to the teachings needs to match with the age of playing these board games. This comes out to 13 and above. Cranium has been identified for adults by the Hasbro website how Boardgaming.com recognizes it for kids 13 and above. Now, substance abuse as well all know affects the brain and the need to experiment with drugs is ordered by the brain. Therefore to combat the problem, we need to focus on games which involve a lot of brain activity. Cranium seems to fit the example perfectly. Cranium is defined by Webster as the skull, specifically that part of the skull which encloses the brain however the logo used by the game Cranium depicts the soft brain tissue. Cranium is a game involving a wide range of brain activities as the players are required to perform the tasks as the go along the track. This game has been carefully designed to emulate the physical activities coordinated by the brain. For instance, in the game the players are requested to â€Å"enter the Cranium circle from the fast track† or â€Å"move clockwise to each [activity card] deck name† or â€Å"to complete the final activity in the Cranium central to win†. In the normal world, these activities have a corollary to the digestive actions performed by the brain or the blood circulation orShow MoreRelatedHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pageseardiopulmonary resuscitation. D. Stop the feeding and remove the NG tube. 127. A client who survived an airplane crash has a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). He has a history of nightmares, depression, hopelessness, and alcohol abuse. Which option offers the client the most lasting relief for his symptoms? A. The opportunity to verbalize memories of trauma to a sympathetic listener. B. Family support. C. Prescribed medications taken as ordered. D. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) meetings

Law Services or Goods

Question: Discuss about the Law for Services or Goods. Answer: Introduction: Consideration can be said as exchanging something in for any monetary terms for any benefit or any services or goods. It can also be said as to do perform something for the other party or to do something in return. It can take any form that is money, goods, or any type of services, promise to do something. It can be a payment or a reward. It is a base or foundation of every contract. An example of consideration is She will give you ten pounds in consideration of the mangoes you are giving to her.(FindLaw, 2016) Consideration is considered to be the most important aspect for any contract. These considerations were to be made in the best possible manner so that it is relevant for both the respective parties. Without proper consent from both the parties, considerations is to be decided by the parties in the best possible manner. Enforceable agreement means in which the other party can legally compel the performance of the other party. Enforceable can also be termed as void .An agreement which is governed by the laws is known as contract. Contract can also be said as agreement + Enforceability. Jane is going overseas and she wishes to give Jack his Lotus Super 7 sports car to Jack. Jane has just casually offered her Lotus Super 7 sports car, so it should neither be considered as enforceable agreement nor consideration. Jane is not quoting any Price for her car.Jack doesnt have to give anything in return so there is no consideration that is Jack dosent has to give any monetary consideration to Jane. An agreement just means Offer plus acceptance but a contract means Agreement plus Enforceability.In this case there is just an agreement and not an Enforceable agreement.(Clarke, 2013) All contracts can be said as Agreements, but all the agreements are not called as Contracts. Consideration can be said as exchanging something in for any monetary terms for any benefit or any services or goods. It can also be said as to do perform something for the other party or to do something in return. It can be a payment or a reward. It is a base or foundation of every contract. An example of consideration is She will give you ten pounds in consideration of the mangoes you are giving to her. In this scenario as well, the contract will be conisdered as legal because it is enforceable by law. For this reason, it is to be said that once this enforceablity is termed with the court of law, it becomes legal. Enforceable agreement means in which the other party can legally compel the performance of the other party. Enforceable can also be termed as void .An agreement which is governed by the laws is known as contract. Contract can also be said as agreement + Enforceability. In this case Jack has accepted the offer of Jane to purchase her Lotus Super 7 at a price of $25,000. Even the market value is $25,000.(J, 2016) Jane offers to sell and Jack accepts, there is a consideration here as Jack accepts what Jane offers to sell. Jack has promised that is he accepts. It is an act or it can be said as a returned promise. An agreement can be said as a promise and it forms the consideration. It can be said as an addition of offer and acceptance .In this particular case there is an offer and there is an acceptance. But we cant call it an enforceable agreement as the agreement is not enforceable by Law.(Solicitors, 2016) Consideration can be said as exchanging something in for any monetary terms for any benefit or any services or goods. It can also be said as to do perform something for the other party or to do something in return. It can be a payment or a reward. It is a base or foundation of every contract. An example of consideration is She will give you ten pounds in consideration of the mangoes you are giving to her. Considerations has been one of the major aspects which are to be taken care of in the best possible manner as it would not be right on the both the parties to actually relate to the fact that an agreement is being enforced by law, without any considerations. Enforceable agreement means in which the other party can legally compel the performance of the other party. Enforceable can also be termed as void .An agreement which is governed by the laws is known as contract. Contract can also be said as agreement + Enforceability.(When is a Heads of Agreement legally enforceable?, 2016) In this case Jane offers to Sell Jack her Lotus Super 7 sports car for $25000.The market value for this type of vehicle is said to be $25000 and Jack accepts. Jane offers to sell and Jack accepts, there is a consideration here as Jack accepts what Jane offers to sell. Jack has promised that is he accepts. It is an act or it can be said as a returned promise. Jane, being in need of cash, had decided to sell its car with the help of which she will be able meet all her fiancial needs. For this reason the car was being sold at a price which was way reasonable than its actual market valuation. The car was bing sold at a price of $2,500, in order to make sure that all her fianncial needs are accepted. For this reason it can be said that the agreement between these two parties and hence, it can be cosidered as a a contract. An agreement can be said as a promise and it forms the consideration. It can be said as an addition of offer and acceptance .In this particular case there is an offer and there is an acceptance. But we cant call it an enforceable agreement as the agreement is not enforceable by Law.(Aitchison, 2016) A shipbuilder has agreed for a contract to build a tanker for the North Ocean Tankers. The Contract was in US dollars and the contract was not having any clause of currency fluctuations. The construction was halfway completed and then unfortunately the United States devalued its currency by 10 percent. The shipbuilder would make a loss on the contract as the currency has devalued, so to cover the loss its has demanded an extra $3 million or e would stop working further on the project. The buyer on the other hand agreed to pay as he did not have any other option as he already had a charter for the tanker and it was very necessary for the buyer to deliver the things on time. The buyer did not start any action or anything to recover the excess payment he has given to the seller until some nine months after the delivery.(Grace, 2016) This shipbuilding aspect was one of the most celebrated tasks in United States. The whole payment was being done in US. While constructing the ship, there was a evaluation in the currency of the country by almost 10 percent. Because of this, the manufacturing aspect of the company had to bear certain amount of losses, as the price of the deal was decided at a pre-determined rate. Contract is said to be an arrangement between two persons or two parties or more than two parties which is enforceable by law and is binded by an agreement. Different countries have different law agreements. Different types of clauses are there in the contract that is the price clause, the exchange rate price adjustment clause, the payment clause, the barter clause, the delivery clause, the arbitration clause, the penalty clause and others. The buyer will be getting the excess recovery as because of existence of contract between the two parties which has no clause of any currency fluctuation. This is completely a breach of contract which means the party has misunderstood the obligations or they cant perform or they no longer are willing to perform. In this case the seller has misunderstood the contract and has done act which was not included in the contract Contracts are subjected to currency risks and it involve different currencies ,be it be any currency the parties have agreed on to. The date of conclusion of the contract may or may not be the payment date which could lead to the final price being fixed at a later date .The currency market is very volatile in nature which leads to the designated currency falling or rising. The buyer would only not be legally suit the case if any currency fluctuation clause would have been mentioned. Statues of limitations are passed by the legislative bodies. When the period of time passes the party or the person cannot file any claim or suit against the person. It varies from country to country.(Clarke, 2013) The limitation Act of 1958 allows 12 years for child survivors and the people with any disability to make a claim, with age 37 the latest at which a claim can b filled or made. The General Limitation period in Western Australia is three years. The buyer is filling a suit within 9 months. So the buyer does not have any limitations in respect to this. So the conclusion is the buyer can sue the seller in respect to the above case. References When is a Heads of Agreement legally enforceable? (2016). Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from legalvision.com.au: https://legalvision.com.au/heads-agreement-legally-enforceable/ Aitchison, S. (2016). When is a done deal not done?: a legally enforceable contract. Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from Mondaq.com: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/291480/Contract+Law/When+is+a+done+deal+not+done+a+legally+enforceable+contract Clarke, J. (2013). Australian Contract Law. Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from Australiancontractlaw.com. FindLaw. (2016). Is a verbal agreement legally binding. Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from Findlaw.com.au: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5626/is-a-verbal-agreement-legally-binding.aspx Grace, F. E. (2016). Northern Territory of Australia Construction Contracts (Security of Payments) Act. Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from feg: https://feg.com.au/ J, G. (2016). Principles of Australian Contract Law. Australia: Lexis Nexis. Solicitors, S. (2016). The Principles of Contract. Contract, 13. When is a done deal not done?: a legally enforceable contract. (n.d.). Mondaq. Retrieved August 8th, 2016, from Mondaq.com: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/291480/Contract+Law/When+is+a+done+deal+not+done+a+legally+enforceable+contract